Original Research
Between Text and Code: Translingual Practices and the Expansion of Philological Inquiry in Kazakhstan
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This study examines translingual practices among multilingual youth in Kazakhstan, focusing on the use of Kazakh, Russian, and English in academic, professional, and digital contexts. Through the interpretation of personal accounts and written records, this research demonstrates that code switching and code mixing are utilized as planned tactics, rather than developmental language delays. Participants use numerous languages to express their identity, alter the mood, and satisfy industry standards. They do this while maintaining their truthfulness and persuasiveness, in both institutional settings and academic fields, as well as in internet-based communication systems. These practices present the need to control language repertoire practices in various communication environments effectively. Assumptions of linguistic purity in educational and institutional policies, emphasizing the value of multilingual language use, are countered by the findings. They support a pedagogy that values flexibility, emotional expression, and community-based literacy. Examining how languages are used in Kazakhstan is a lively and complex process where identity, social status, and professional communication interact in sophisticated and creative ways.
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Keywords
Bilingualism; Kazakhstan; Linguistic Alternation; Code-Switching; Language Identity; Multilingualism
Author(s) Information
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the students and faculty of the Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University for their participation and support throughout this study. Appreciation is also extended to the lecturers and academic mentors who provided valuable feedback on the research design and implementation.
Funding
This research was funded by a grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Project No. AP23487324, Teaching the Kazakh Language to Turkic-Speaking Students in a Translingual Aspect Based on Digital Technologies, 2024–2026).
CRediT Authorship Contribution Statement
Sagira Odanova: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Data Curation, Writing - Original Draft
Karlygash Moldabayeva: Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing - Review & Editing
Alfiya Omurzakova: Methodology, Formal Analysis, Writing - Review & Editing
Rauza Uskenbayeva: Supervision, Project Administration, Writing - Review & Editing
Iristi Quttimuratova: Project Administration, Writing - Review & Editing
All authors approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for the accuracy and integrity of the work.
Generative AI Use Disclosure Statement
During manuscript preparation, the authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI) to assist with language editing, structural organization, and refinement of academic phrasing. Prompts were used to improve clarity and coherence of author-developed content. The AI tool was not used to generate research data, conduct statistical analysis, fabricate references, or interpret findings. All research design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, and final academic decisions were made solely by the authors.
Ethics Declarations
World Medical Association (WMA) Declaration of Helsinki–Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Participants
This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed written consent prior to participation, and participation was voluntary.
Competing Interests
We have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Data Availability
The datasets are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.