Original Research
AI-Enhanced Development of 4Cs-Based Listening Materials: EFL Teachers’ Practices in Flex Blended Learning Contexts
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Drawing upon the data collected, this qualitative case study investigates how EFL teachers utilize AI aided tools to develop 4Cs-based online listening materials under flex blended learning. Using semi-structured interviews and one focus group discussion with ten Indonesian tertiary EFL teachers, the study elucidates pedagogical practices as well as challenges in introducing creativity, critical thinking, communication and collaboration within AI-supported listening lesson. Thematic analysis shows AI acts as a generative design trigger, rather than an independent instructional agent. Teachers actively curate, calibrate, scaffold and surf AI outputs towards curricular alignment, cognitive depth, communicative continuity and meaningful convergence. AI offers possibilities for multimodal forms of production, analytic prompts, interactive simulation and digital co-production but its educational value relies on the mediation of teachers and appropriate context enactment. The study proposes the AI-Mediated 4Cs Listening Orchestration Model, conceptualizing AI integration as governance-based orchestration. Results highlight teacher agency as the main medium that connects AI affordances, 4Cs competencies acquisition, and flex blended listening pedagogy.
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Keywords
Artificial Intelligence; EFL Listening Instruction; Flex Blended Learning; Four Cs; Teacher Agency
Author(s) Information
Acknowledgements
Authors’ gratitude is offered to the editors and anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, as well as the EFL teachers who joined this study.
Funding
This research received no external funding.
CRediT Authorship Contribution Statement
Aprilia Riyana Putri: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft, Writing – Review & Editing
Rudi Hartono: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing
Hendi Pratama: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing
Generative AI Use Disclosure Statement
During the preparation of the manuscript, the authors utilized ChatGPT (OpenAI) to support language editing, improve structural organization, and refine academic expression. The prompts were designed to enhance the clarity and coherence of content originally developed by the authors. The AI tool was not employed to generate data, perform statistical analyses, create references, or interpret results. All aspects of the research design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, and final scholarly decisions remained entirely under the authors’ responsibility.
Ethics Declarations
World Medical Association (WMA) Declaration of Helsinki–Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Participants
This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama Jepara (Approval No. 010/EC/UNISNU/2025). Informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Competing Interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Data Availability
The data generated and analyzed in this study can be obtained from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.