Language Teaching Research Quarterly

Since my contribution to this special issue commemorating Jim Lantolf’s life and work deviates from a traditional journal paper format, I forego an abstract and begin with a prologue befitting the one-act play “Conversations with Jim” I have created to show my gratitude to Jim for his guidance and wisdom through many years. In this tribute to his enormous impact on second language studies and Vygotskian scholarship, I hope to showcase the power of collaborative inquiry and mentorship in advancing knowledge. In our retrospective dialogue, we cover three main areas of Vygotsky’s work: (1) Znachenie slova: We challenge common interpretations by distinguishing "analysis into units" from "units of analysis," highlighting the interplay of stable cultural meanings and individual sense-making (smysl); (2) Sense and Meaning: we dissect the relationship between sense and meaning in external and internal speech, emphasizing the role of affect and subjective experience (perezhivanie) in shaping an internal system of meaning; and (3) Consciousness: We follow Vygotsky’s advice and explore the origins and development of consciousness, from its emergence in single-celled organisms to the human capacity for meta-consciousness, drawing on recent scientific and philosophical insights.