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Language Teaching Research Quarterly

European Journal of Studies in Management and Business

International Journal of Behavior Studies in Organizations

Studies in Educational Management

New Challenges in Accounting and Finance

Language Testing in Focus: An International Journal

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Individual Differences in Language Education: An International Journal 

Feedback Research in Second Language 

Management Issues in Healthcare System

Language Teacher Education Research

Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Development

The study explored the impact of proficiency, frequency, L1 &ndash; L2 congruency, and semantic transparency on the knowledge of multi-word units (MWUs) among Iranian L2 learners (N = 256). A gap-filling test was used to assess learners' productive knowledge, employing a high-frequency MWU list created with the lemmatised concgramming method. The list, which included 11,212 MWUs across four frequency levels, was ranked by L1 &ndash; L2 congruency and semantic transparency. As revealed by regression models with bootstrapping, the results showed a significant positive correlation between MWU knowledge and proficiency (IELTS scores). It was observed that knowledge of MWUs decreased with lower frequency, and participants scored higher on congruent and transparent items. The study also found that frequency and semantic transparency influenced IELTS scores, with a significant interaction between congruency and incongruent items. These findings underscore the crucial role of L1 &ndash; L2 congruency in learning MWUs and provide hope for educators, as they offer insights to enhance learning by prioritising L1 &ndash; L2 congruency in English MWU resources. This study's findings can potentially lead to improved language teaching methodologies and curriculum design, offering a pathway to optimise learning outcomes.

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Original Research 

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Exploring the Relationship between English Proficiency and Influential Factors on Productive Knowledge of Multi-Word Units to Create Effective Learning Materials

Educational psychology has increasingly focused on language learning to investigate individual differences (IDs) in second language acquisition (SLA) over the years, as shown in seminal works by D&ouml;rnyei (2005) and Skehan (1989). This increased attention to IDs has led to the exploration of new factors and perspectives within the field of SLA. Recent studies, such as those conducted by Pawlak (2021) and Pawlak and Kruk (2023) on the relationship between IDs and computer-assisted language learning, provide evidence of the growing field. As a result, the focus on IDs and educational psychology in SLA has intensified over the past two decades. It is widely accepted that IDs significantly affect human behaviour and cognition. Therefore, there has been a growing emphasis on understanding why some learners excel while others face challenges.

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Book Review

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Book Review: The Routledge handbook of second language acquisition and individual differences, edited by Shaofeng Li, Phil Hiver, Mostafa Papi, (2022), 517 pp., ISBN: 9781003270546 (ebook), Routledge.

Inaugural Issue

In the academic context, a citation is a fundamental&nbsp;aspect of academic writing that helps authors to providing strong&nbsp;argumentation, evaluate and express their attitude towards previous studies.&nbsp;This study aims to investigate the types and functions of citation in the&nbsp;research articles. To this end, a corpus of 60 research articles from 3 high-rank Nursing and Midwifery and Applied Linguistics journals that were written&nbsp;by Iranian scholars (in local journals) and international writers were&nbsp;selected, and their citation patterns were analysed based on Thompson and&nbsp;Tribble’s frameworks (2001). Then, the Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were&nbsp;run to investigate the similarities and differences in the citation patterns in&nbsp;the selected journals from a statistical point of view. Although the&nbsp;corpus-based analysis revealed that the Iranian journal articles had a higher&nbsp;density of citations than international journal articles, the international&nbsp;scholars utilised all citation patterns. The results of this study could be&nbsp;used effectively by EAP teachers, students, and novice scholars to improve the&nbsp;understanding of theoretical and practical dimensions of citation patterns in&nbsp;the fields of medical and humanities sciences.

ltf.2021.04.01.pdf

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Citation Quality Analysis in Iranian and International High-rank Journals

Citation&nbsp;is an essential part of academic writing and allows writers to make strong&nbsp;arguments, review previous research, and express their opinions. This study investigates reporting verbs as a&nbsp;part of citation practice in the research articles published in Iranian and&nbsp;international journals (with different linguacultural backgrounds) in&nbsp;humanities and medical sciences from 2015-2019. In this cross-disciplinary&nbsp;study, 60 research articles (RAs) from Applied Linguistic (AL) and Nursing and&nbsp;Midwifery (NM) as part of humanities and medical sciences respectively were&nbsp;selected and classified based on Hyland’s (2002) frameworks. The results&nbsp;demonstrated that the Iranian journal articles utilised more reporting verbs&nbsp;(RVs) than the international journal articles whereas, the international&nbsp;articles used RVs with a wide variety. Although the types of verbs were&nbsp;different, the research verbs had a clear preference in the corpus. The finding&nbsp;suggests some pedagogical implications for novice scholars and EFL (English as&nbsp;a Foreign Language) students to become familiar with differences in using RVs&nbsp;and select the correct choice of reporting verbs in the field of humanities and&nbsp;medical sciences.

Reporting Verbs in the Humanities and Medical Sciences Research Articles

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English&nbsp;language materials and courses are&nbsp;developed to cover the skills that learners require to master. In the domain of&nbsp;English language teaching, Needs Analysis (NA), also known as Need Assessment,&nbsp;is a process that aims to investigate the&nbsp;present&nbsp;level of English language learners and identify&nbsp;what they need to know.&nbsp;The NA process is unanimously accounted for as a crucial feature of English&nbsp;language learning, especially for&nbsp;teaching materials,&nbsp;learning activities, testing, and developing assessment programs. Due to its&nbsp;vital role, a great deal of research&nbsp;has been conducted on&nbsp;this process, and several approaches have been suggested for it in the&nbsp;literature. This paper aims to provide an overview of the needs analysis as well&nbsp;as its fundamentals and concepts. This paper also presents a review of previous&nbsp;research methods developed for NA and their strengths and limitations.

A Critical Study of the Principles and Approaches to Needs Analysis

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