Eurokd
European KnowledgeDevelopment Institute
Eurokd
European KnowledgeDevelopment Institute
Language Teacher Education Research

Language Teacher Education Research

e‐ISSN

    

3062-3529

Practitioner Inquiry

Cultivating Critical AI Literacy in an ESL Academic Writing Classroom: A Reflective Inquiry

Language Teacher Education Research, Volume 4, Pages 43-50, https://doi.org/10.32038/lter.2026.04.03
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With the rapid rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), AI literacy has become a critical issue in higher education, shifting the focus from basic use to ethical and critical engagement. Drawing on the AI literacy framework (Warschauer et al., 2023) and the critical APSE model (Wang & Wang, 2025), this practitioner-inquiry examines classroom practices designed to foster critical AI literacy in an English as a Second Language (ESL) academic writing course. The findings reveal three key instructional practices that contribute to the development of critical AI literacy: (1) developing prompt literacy, (2) critically evaluating AI-generated outputs by composing counter-text, and (3) drafting AI use disclosure statements. These findings highlight pedagogical approaches that support students’ ethical, reflective, and critical engagement with AI tools in academic writing contexts.

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Keywords

Critical AI Literacy; AI-Assisted Writing; Ethical AI Use

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Author(s) Information

Ruonan Yang

Ruonan Yang

Ruonan Yang is a doctoral student in Multilingual Language Education at the Ohio State University. Her research interests include digital multimodal literacy learning and teaching.

Youngjoo Yi

Youngjoo Yi

Youngjoo Yi is a Professor in Multilingual Language Education at the Ohio State University, USA. Her research interests include multilingual learners’ digital and multimodal literacy practices and identity construction. Her work has been published in Applied Linguistics, Journal of Second Language Writing, TESOL Quarterly, TESOL Journal, and others.

Publisher’s Note

The claims, arguments, and counter-arguments made in this article are exclusively those of the contributing authors. Hence, they do not necessarily represent the viewpoints of the authors’ affiliated institutions, or EUROKD as the publisher, the editors and the reviewers of the article.

 

Acknowledgements

Not applicable.

 

Funding

We haven’t received any funding for our research.

 

CRediT Authorship Contribution Statement

Ruonan Yang: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing - Original Draft, Visualization

Youngjoo Yi: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing - Review & Editing, Supervision

 

Generative AI Use Disclosure Statement

The authors occasionally consulted AI tools (ChatGPT or Copilot) to double-check grammatical structures and enhance word choices and transitional phrases.  

 

Ethics Declarations

World Medical Association (WMA) Declaration of Helsinki–Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Participants

Not applicable.

 

Competing Interests

We declare no conflicts of interests.

 

Data Availability

Not applicable.