Feedback Research in Second Language

This paper highlights the importance of the timing of feedback and distinguishing between instruction and feedback in the context of written corrective feedback (WCF) for second language (L2) learners. It proposes the integration of eye-tracking and qualitative data collection methods to assess learner attention and WCF processing. The reviewed eye-tracking studies demonstrate the potential of this approach, revealing correlations between learners’ noticing and subsequent writing improvements. However, the limited studies utilizing eye-tracking in this area calls for further research to explore the benefits of metalinguistic explanations provided before or after writing production. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the need to address the dominance of quantitative approaches in WCF literature and encourages the combination of eye-tracking with qualitative data sources to broaden our understanding of revision as negotiation. It suggests investigating the impact of different feedback modes and languages, especially in younger L2 writers and diverse writing systems. Moreover, the paper advocates for ecologically valid experiments that involve eye-tracking during revision with feedback present, considering the various types of feedback and their influence on learners’ noticing and subsequent writing improvements. Addressing these concerns will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of WCF, noticing and processing feedback, L2 writing production, and effective pedagogical practices.