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<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Cambria', serif; color: black;">Oral corrective feedback (oral CF) has been widely investigated in second language pronunciation research because of its potential to promote more target-like phonological production. However, little is known about how technology-assisted oral CF affects learners&rsquo; segmental accuracy as measured through acoustic analysis, and no study to date has examined this with Kurdish EFL learners&rsquo; production of English vowels. For this purpose, sixty Kurdish EFL learners at a university in Kurdistan were randomly assigned to three groups: (a) an explicit oral CF group, receiving oral explanations supported by visual feedback in Praat; (b) an implicit oral CF group, receiving recasts and input enhancement via YouGlish; and (c) a control group, receiving no oral CF. Ten Native American English speakers provided baseline acoustic data for the target vowels. All learners completed a pre-test, post-test, and delayed post-test two months later. Their production of /iː/ and /ɪ/ was elicited through word reading, sentence reading, and picture description. Results showed that the explicit oral CF group achieved significantly greater improvement than both the implicit oral CF and control groups. Furthermore, only the explicit group maintained gains at the delayed post-test, indicating more durable effects of technology-assisted teacher feedback.</span></p>

ltrq.2026.55.01.pdf

Original Research 

ltrq.2026.55.01.xml

The Effectiveness of Technology-Mediated Oral Corrective Feedback on the Acquisition of English Vowels by Kurdish EFL Learners