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We have had to adopt to the situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in both private life and work.&nbsp;Besides uncertainty becoming general, our work and its environment have changed markedly in the last&nbsp;two years, also causing increased stress level. Our goal is to examine the changes of the employees’ mental&nbsp;health, stress level and well-being in a disadvantaged Hungarian region during three waves of the&nbsp;pandemic, and the sectors where mental strain has primarily occurred. Materials and methods: Over the&nbsp;background variables, we used the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the WHO Well-being Index and the&nbsp;Hope Scale (AHS-H). The online questionnaire was recorded in November 2020, March 2021 and&nbsp;November 2021. In the study, we attached great importance to the stress level the employees working on&nbsp;different fields were exposed to in the pandemic situation. The quota online data recording is not&nbsp;representative, but it reflects the attitude of the region’s population well. Results: The questionnaire was&nbsp;fulfilled by 515 persons in the second, 527 persons in the third and 590 persons in the fourth wave, with&nbsp;the average age of 36.5±13.4 years. 9 employee categories and 7 labour market statuses were defined;&nbsp;health care workers were examined separately. The employees’ stress level reached its peak in the fourth&nbsp;wave (17.82; 17.63; 19.84). The highest values could be detected among employees with lower educational&nbsp;level (unskilled workers, householders, workmen). Examining the labour market status, public workers,&nbsp;temporary workers and pensioners showed higher stress values. Conclusion: The pandemic has&nbsp;significantly transformed our life. We must cope with increased stress and anxiety every day, and the&nbsp;relevance of the competencies has been revalued in this situation. The prolonged pandemic and the&nbsp;associated limitations have worn the employees’ mental health that reached its peak in the fourth&nbsp;pandemic wave.

JBSO.2021.06.03.pdf

Original Research 

JBSO.2021.06.03.xml

Changes of the Employees’ Stress Level during Three Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Disadvantaged Hungarian Regions

Lifestyle&nbsp;and health culture significantly determines people&rsquo;s health status. Several&nbsp;demographic studies have proved the correlation between disadvantaged social&nbsp;situation, unfavorable socio-economic status and health status. Deprivation and&nbsp;disadvantaged situation have become important, which should be treated as the&nbsp;root of difficulties on several fields since they have great impact on health&nbsp;behavior and -culture. Families living in lagging areas require special&nbsp;attention because of their social and economic backwardness and mental&nbsp;disadvantages. Childhood is an especially important period since skills learned&nbsp;before the age of 14 have a determining role in future life chances and adult&nbsp;health status: satisfactory psychosomatic development, loading capacity and the&nbsp;developing unfavorable habits influence adult health. As the part of the&nbsp;Creative Region program, our goal is to explore the mental health status of&nbsp;people living in the Hungarian Aba&uacute;j region by monitored data. 516 persons from&nbsp;25 settlements and 7 primary schools of the region were included. We used the&nbsp;Beck Depression Inventory (filled under the age of 12) and the Spielberg State-Trait&nbsp;Anxiety Inventory (filled by all participants) by the help of measuring&nbsp;commissioners. Among children, a significant difference could be detected&nbsp;between genders (p=0.007). Body image seems to be a really important factor in&nbsp;youngsters&rsquo; life. Body weight (p=0.022) and physical exercises (p=0.02)&nbsp;significantly occur in the manifestation of depression symptoms in young&nbsp;people. The level of adult&rsquo;s depression is influenced by the education level&nbsp;(p=0.00012), labour market status (p=0.003), alcohol consumption (p=0.007),&nbsp;subjective bad financial situation (p=0.022), sedentary lifestyle (p=0.001) and&nbsp;obesity (p=0.002). 5.5% of youngsters and 1.3% of adults are victims of&nbsp;domestic violence. It is important to highlight that negative future vision,&nbsp;unemployment and hopelessness cause anxiety and depression increasing by age,&nbsp;and it will manifest in endangering health behavior (inappropriate eating,&nbsp;sedimentary lifestyle, addictive disorders).

sem.2021.09.03.pdf

sem.2021.09.03.xml

Mental Health Status of the Population of a Hungarian Disadvantaged Region